Liquid fuel



Patented Sept. 9, 1924.

outrun srA'rEs isoacie PATENT caries.

ZAGHARIAS OLSSOLT, 0F WESTPORT, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOBI, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, T0 BUBGDYNE LIGHT & SIGNAL COEPORATIQN', 01 NEW YORK, N. Y., .A.

CORPORATION or DELAWARE.

LIQUID FUEL.

Ho Drawing.

To all whom it may come m:

Be it known that I, Zacrmams OLSSON, a citizen of Swedemand resident of Westport, in the county of Fairfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Liquid Fuels, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to improvements in liquid fuels, and is' especially adapted for illuminating and heating purposes.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a liquid fuel that is composed of a plurality of hydrocarbons, its main constituent being kerosene or the like and the other or others having the functions to increase the duration of burning of the kero sene, to increase or enrich the illuminating qualityof the kerosene, and to decrease the inflammability of the kerosene.

The main constituents of kerosene are: C,H,, and C H that is to say pentane and hexane, both hydrocarbons of the C H series or open carbon chain. These mam constituents, known as saturated hydrocarbons or paraifins, all contain an excess of hydrogen, more than twice as much hydrogen as-carbon, as appears from the formula above given.

In order to obtain the objects above-mentioned, there is added to the kerosene ,or

parafiins asolidhydrocarbon, obtained from i the medium or middle oil in the process of dry distillation of coal tar. This coal tar product is, preferably, of the naphthalene group, having the general formula .C fl indicating that itis a carbocylic compound, the nucleus of which consists of two benzene nuclei, having in common two carbon atoms occupying the ortho position. These hydro-' carbons all contain an excess of carbon.

Vhile the invention is ca able of being carried out in manyways, or the purpose of illustration, two certain ways of carrying out the same will be described herein.

For example, a fuel made in accordance.

with the present invention may consist of: Kerosene, 90 parts by. weight, and naphthalene, 10 parts by wei ht.

The naphthalene (C is dissolved in the kerosene in any suitable manner, whereby the fuel is ready for use. It will be seen that, by bringing these two constituents together, a. burn g fluid. s Obtai ed which parting Application filed December 20, 1922. Serial No. $08,100.

has the pro er proportions of carbon and hydrogen. r looking atit in another way, the carbon contents of the kerosene are increased, with the result that the luminosity of the flame is enhanced. The duration of the burning of the kerosene isalso increased by adding thereto the solid hydrocarbon because the latter increases the specific gravity and decreases the viscosity of the kerosene, thereby causing a slower flow of the mixture through the wick. It has also been found that the inflammability of the kerosene is decreased by adding naphthalene. This is based upon the fact" that the solid hydrocarbon used in the mixture, although slowly volatilizing' at a normal temperature, has a considerably higher flashpoint than the kerosene or paraflins employed, and thus raises the flashpoint of the latter. The mixture above described has been found to have a specific gravity of 0.808, a flashpoint of 160 to 170 F., and a viscosity of 39 seconds, compared with water.

As another example of the invention, the fuel may consist of: Kerosene, 81 parts by weight; naphthalene, 9 parts by weight, and heavy paraflinoil, 10 parts by weight. I

The last-mentioned hydrocarbon is of the parafiin series. specific gravity of 0.815, a flashpoint between 160 and 170 F., and a'viscosity of 40 seconds, compared with water, the vi'swcosityof water being 34 seconds.

From the foregoing it appears that the.

mixture is higher I specific gravity of the than that of kerosene, so is also its flashpoint, while its viscosity is lower.

'It will be understood that, instead of using the parafiins and solid hydrocarbon of the naphthalene series above-referred to, others may just as well be used without defrom the invention. It will also be understood that, while the invention has been described above in spirit thereof.

What I claim is:- y

A liquid fuel consistin or its equivalent and a heavy parafiin 011.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 8th day of September, A. D. 1922.

' QL SQlh of kerosene oil detail, changes may be made therein without departing from the hydrocar n, naphthalene,

The fuel so obtained has a 

